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Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction, by Ti Alkire, Carol Rosen
Free PDF Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction, by Ti Alkire, Carol Rosen
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Ti Alkire and Carol Rosen trace the changes that led from colloquial Latin to five major Romance languages, those which ultimately became national or transnational languages: Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian. Trends in spoken Latin altered or dismantled older categories in phonology and morphology, while the regional varieties of speech, evolving under diverse influences, formed new grammatical patterns, each creating its own internal regularities. Documentary sources for spoken Latin show the beginnings of this process, which comes to full fruition in the medieval emergence of written Romance languages. This book newly distills the facts into an appealing program of study, including exercises, and makes the difficult issues clear, taking well motivated and sometimes innovative stands. It provides not only an essential guide for those new to the topic, but also a reliable compendium for the specialist.
- Sales Rank: #1023387 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
- Published on: 2010-07-26
- Released on: 2010-06-24
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.72" h x .79" w x 6.85" l, 1.55 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 388 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Most helpful customer reviews
17 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
A superb textbook on the development of the Romance family
By George
I just finished the book Romance Languages - A Historical Introduction (RL), and want to just say, "Wow." This was a superb book, and I take great pleasure in recommending it. Specifically, for someone who likes language(s), and finds the processes that drive sound change and morphology interesting, this is an excellent read.
From the start, RL singles out five languages to base its comparative studies on, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish. There are in fact other Romance languages in existence, and the distinction (or lack thereof) between a dialect and language plays a part in the discussion. But these five are chosen because they have gone on to become national languages. That being said, Romanian and Portuguese are treated sparingly through the bulk of the text, Romanian more so than Portuguese. However, each of these receives its own chapter to make up for this, owing to the distinctive historical trajectory each language takes, differentiating them from the main stream of Romance and Popular Latin. The Romanian chapter leaves quite a bit open for discussion. It also makes a number of tentative claims, which is expected since historical reconstruction is not at all clear for this language.
The Popular Latin presented in this book was given quite a bit of support, and is essential for understanding the changes that drove sound change from Latin towards the distinctive modern Romance languages. However, since much of this transmission was oral, the book is continually having to tag word forms with an asterisk, indicating that there is no direct textual evidence of the form. Obviously one should read this text and understand that there is still a lot of study in this field, with competing opinions about many of the historical changes in specific forms (and the authors are careful to make this clear).
This book is aimed at students with some linguistic study under their belt. It is not as dense as some texts I have seen that demonstrate the phonology and morphology of a language, nor is it an easy read for someone without a linguistic background. Prior study of Latin is expected (I am self-taught), and some prior study of linguistics is helpful, as it relies heavily on IPA to describe forms. I don't have as good a grasp on IPA as I would like, but I have studied many different languages and thus have covered articulation and phonetics more contextually. I found this book challenging, without being overwhelming. In fact, by the middle, I had a much better handle on IPA symbols that relate to the Romance family. Learning in context is a powerful tool, without doubt.
As phonetic and morphological change processes are named, they are given good descriptions (and each of these terms is included in a guide near the back). This was very helpful. Not as much time is spent on terminology for articulation, and this was a little bit more problematic as it is an important concept for dealing with sound changes. However, RL tended to describe changes in terms of the processes that occurred rather than the physical articulation that allowed or promoted those changes, so the emphasis on process vocabulary makes sense.
The book is littered with practice exercises and inline questions to force grappling with the information. The end of each chapter provides additional questions that require more analysis and creative thought about the processes that have been looked at. These were excellent, and make this text more than just descriptive. However, the major failure of this book, in my mind, is there is no answer key. Other than the inline questions, no answers are provided for practice exercises or chapter-end exercises. This made the exercises interesting, but something short of what might have been hoped for.
Finally, the bibliography at the end is extensive and will allow the interested reader to delve where they will. As someone who read this on his own time (not as part of a linguistics course or program), that is very helpful.
12 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
A useful textbook for the historical evolution of the major Romance languages
By Christopher Culver
ROMANCE LANGUAGES: A Historical Introduction by Ti Alkire and Carol Rosen is a textbook describing the phonological and morphological changes that produced the major varieties of Romance out of late Vulgar Latin. The textbook assumes prior experience with linguistics (namely a general linguistics course and a historical linguistics course) and at least a couple of years of Classical Latin. There's quite a few Romance languages, some of which are little-known. The authors have chosen to focus on five in this textbook: Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian. Occitan, Rhaeto-Romance, Aromanian and Dalmatian, not to mention the host of regional Italian dialects that could be viewed as separate languages, are thus not covered. The first eight chapters cover Italian, French and Spanish together. The remaining two languages, Portuguese and Romanian, get their own chapters, though the Italian-French-Spanish portion is a necessary prerequisite as terminology introduced in the first portion of the book is frequently referred to. The final chapters cover the formation of the Romance lexicon and the timeline of the emergence of the Romance languages.
It is nice to see Romanian covered in such detail, with some mention even of dialectal features and obscure verb conjugations. Unfortunately the authors have unquestioningly adopted Dacian Continuity Theory -- the belief that Romanians are descendants of the indigenous population vanquished by Trajan, instead of migrants from considerably further south who reached their present home nearly a millennium later. This leads the authors to make all kinds of claims about what kind of Latin "reached Dacia".
While I read the book outside of a course, I nonetheless enjoyed its textbook features. There are exercises at the end of each chapter that let you flex your diachronic linguistics muscles, and the authors present a good many mnemonic devices to help you retain the sound changes. The bibliography at the end will spur you on to more specialized treatment of these historical phenomena.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Very satisfying insights into the origin and evolution of the romance languages
By Ulfilas
Authors Akire and Rosen provide the reader with very satisfying insights into the origin and evolution of the romance languages. This book opens with the reduction of the nine-vowel system to the seven-vowel system, using Italian, Spanish, and French as examples (pp.9-15). With this discussion, the focus continues on these three particular romance languages through the first half of the book.
A very interesting example of consonant weakening is seen to correspond to the initial “f” in Spanish taking on the value of a silent “h.” In this way the Latin “ferro” (iron) transforms into “hierro.” This change is explained in terms of the claim that “h” and “f” were considered allophones (i.e. variants of the same basic sound) by early Spanish speakers (p.51).
French is given as an example of some the most surprising and far-ranging changes. The palatalized labials “via,” “vie,” and “bia” that terminate Latin words are transformed into “ge” in French. In this way “serviente” (assistant) becomes “sergeant” and “rabia” becomes “rage” (p.71).
The authors also provide the solution to a puzzle that had commanded my attention when I first started learning Italian: that of the third person singular and plural endings brought on by the conditional tense. It is shown that what began in Latin as “cantare habebat” (would sing) collapses into “catarebbe” in Italian (pp.171-172).
The second half of the book discusses the evolution of Portuguese and Romanian as well as a brief narrative on the emergence of the romance vernaculars. An index of linguistic terms is also provided.
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